lower_bound and upper_bound

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12158948/lower-bound-upper-bound

Lower bound: first element that is greater-or-equal.
Upper bound: first element that is strictly greater.

+- lb(2) == ub(2)       +- lb(6)        +- lb(8)
|        == begin()     |  == ub(6)     |   +- ub(8) == end()
V                       V               V   V
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    ^               ^                       ^
    |               |                       |
    +- lb(4)        +- ub(4)                +- lb(9) == ub(9) == end()

    |- eq-range(4) -|